A conceptual model is a representation or framework that outlines the key components, relationships, and variables of a research area or topic. It helps to organize and guide research efforts, providing a clear structure for analyzing data and drawing conclusions. Conceptual models are often used in social sciences, business, and other fields to provide a theoretical basis for understanding complex phenomena and creating hypotheses. They can be visual or written representations that illustrate the relationships between different concepts and how they interact within a given system. Conceptual models are essential for clarifying researchers' ideas, guiding their research process, and communicating their findings to others.